Interaction between genetic factors, Porphyromonas gingivalisand microglia to promote Alzheimer's disease

In late-onset Alzheimer disease (AD) pathogenesis, genes, infections and immunity could be significant factors. We have reviewed if the keystone periodontal pathogenPorphyromonas gingivalismay affect genes and microglia (primary immune cells in the brain) to promote AD development. Genes for apolipoprotein, clusterin, CD33, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM-2), tyrosine kinase binding protein (TYR-OBP), and complement receptors can affect microglia. Most of these genes can also be affected byP. gingivalisvia its mastering of immune suppression. Besides,P. gingivaliscan affect microglia directly in several ways. Taken together, genetic predisposition,P. gingivalisinfection and microglia could promote neurodegeneration typical of that reported for AD.