Ficolin-A/2, acting as a new regulator of macrophage polarization, mediates the inflammatory response in experimental mouse colitis

Human ficolin-2 (FCN-2) and mouse ficolin-A (FCN-A, a ficolin-2-like molecule in mouse) are activators of the lectin complement pathway, present in normal plasma and usually associated with infectious diseases, but little is known about the role of FCN-A/2 in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In our present study, we found that patients with IBD exhibited much higher serum FCN-2 levels than healthy controls. In the dextran sulphate sodium-induced acute colitis mouse model, FCN-A knockout mice showed much milder disease symptoms with less histological damage, lower expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1 and tumour necrosis factor- (TNF-)], chemokines (CXCL1/2/10 and CCL4) and higher levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 compared with wild-type mice. We demonstrated that FCN-A/2 exacerbated the inflammatory pathogenesis of IBD by stimulating M1 polarization through the TLR4/MyD88/MAPK/NF-B signalling pathway in macrophages. Hence, our data suggest that FCN-A/2 may be used as a novel therapeutic target for IBD.