期刊
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
卷 13, 期 11, 页码 3848-3879出版社
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/d0ee02203a
关键词
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资金
- Australian Research Council (ARC) [DP170100436, DP180102297, DP200101249]
- Discovery Early Career Researcher Award [DE180100036]
- Australian Research Council [DP200101249] Funding Source: Australian Research Council
Rechargeable sodium-sulfur (Na-S) batteries are regarded as a promising energy storage technology due to their high energy density and low cost. High-temperature sodium-sulfur (HT Na-S) batteries with molten sodium and sulfur as cathode materials were proposed in 1966, and later successfully commercialised for utility-scale stationary energy storage. However, their high working temperature (300-350 degrees C) causes some detrimental problems such as high operating costs, difficulties of maintenance (corrosion), and severe safety issues. In particular, HT Na-S batteries with Na polysulfides as the final discharge product only deliver about a third of the sulfur's theoretical capacity. These drawbacks greatly limited the broader applications of HT Na-S batteries. In recent years, extensive efforts have been devoted to developing next-generation intermediate-temperature sodium-sulfur batteries (IMT Na-S, operating at 120-300 degrees C) and room-temperature sodium-sulfur batteries (RT Na-S) with higher capacity, lower maintenance cost and enhanced safety. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of the latest progress on IMT Na-S and RT Na-S batteries. We elucidate the working principles, opportunities and challenges of these non-high-temperature Na-S battery systems, and summarise the advances in the battery components including cathodes, anodes, electrolytes, and other battery constituents. In particular, the applications of solid-state electrolytes in IMT Na-S and RT Na-S chemistry are emphasised. The remaining challenges and clear perspectives are outlined for the future development of novel high-performance Na-S batteries.
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