期刊
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
卷 10, 期 1, 页码 -出版社
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75445-3
关键词
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资金
- University of Western Australia Research Collaboration Award
- Natural Environment Research Council (UK) International Opportunity Fund [NE/N00678X/1]
- UKRI Future Leaders Fellowship [MR/S032827/1]
- Australian Research Council [FT110100174, DP170100023, FT160100495]
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes [CE170100023]
- Brian Mason Trust
- Marie Curie Career Integration Grant [PCIG10-GA-2011-303685]
- Natural Environment Research Council (UK) [NE/J024082/1]
- National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) [RGPIN-2018-05255]
- Marine Environmental Observation, Prediction and Response Network (MEOPAR) project [1-02-02-059.1]
- Andrew W. Mellon Foundation at WHOI
- Spanish Ministry for the Economy, Industry and Competitiveness Ramon y Cajal 2017 grant [RYC-2017-22964]
- NERC [NE/J024082/1, NE/J021938/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- UKRI [MR/S032827/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Australian Research Council [FT160100495] Funding Source: Australian Research Council
Prolonged high-temperature extreme events in the ocean, marine heatwaves, can have severe and long-lasting impacts on marine ecosystems, fisheries and associated services. This study applies a marine heatwave framework to analyse a global sea surface temperature product and identify the most extreme events, based on their intensity, duration and spatial extent. Many of these events have yet to be described in terms of their physical attributes, generation mechanisms, or ecological impacts. Our synthesis identifies commonalities between marine heatwave characteristics and seasonality, links to the El Nino-Southern Oscillation, triggering processes and impacts on ocean productivity. The most intense events preferentially occur in summer, when climatological oceanic mixed layers are shallow and winds are weak, but at a time preceding climatological maximum sea surface temperatures. Most subtropical extreme marine heatwaves were triggered by persistent atmospheric high-pressure systems and anomalously weak wind speeds, associated with increased insolation, and reduced ocean heat losses. Furthermore, the most extreme events tended to coincide with reduced chlorophyll-a concentration at low and mid-latitudes. Understanding the importance of the oceanic background state, local and remote drivers and the ocean productivity response from past events are critical steps toward improving predictions of future marine heatwaves and their impacts.
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