期刊
ADVANCED MATERIALS
卷 32, 期 50, 页码 -出版社
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004028
关键词
lithium-air batteries; lithium-oxygen batteries; non-aqueous electrolytes; oxygen evolution reaction; transition metal phosphides
类别
资金
- Illinois Institute of Technology
- Wanger Institute for Sustainable Energy Research (WISER) [262029 221E 2300]
- Soft and Hybrid Nanotechnology Experimental (SHyNE) Resource (NSF) [ECCS-1542205]
- SHyNE Resource (NSF) [ECCS-2025633]
- IIN
- Northwestern's MRSEC program (NSF) [DMR-1720139]
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0019281]
- National Science Foundation [DMR-1719353]
- NSF [DMR-1809439]
- U.S. DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
The main drawbacks of today's state-of-the-art lithium-air (Li-air) batteries are their low energy efficiency and limited cycle life due to the lack of earth-abundant cathode catalysts that can drive both oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR and OER) at high rates at thermodynamic potentials. Here, inexpensive trimolybdenum phosphide (Mo3P) nanoparticles with an exceptional activity-ORR and OER current densities of 7.21 and 6.85 mA cm(-2) at 2.0 and 4.2 V versus Li/Li+, respectively-in an oxygen-saturated non-aqueous electrolyte are reported. The Tafel plots indicate remarkably low charge transfer resistance-Tafel slopes of 35 and 38 mV dec(-1) for ORR and OER, respectively-resulting in the lowest ORR overpotential of 4.0 mV and OER overpotential of 5.1 mV reported to date. Using this catalyst, a Li-air battery cell with low discharge and charge overpotentials of 80 and 270 mV, respectively, and high energy efficiency of 90.2% in the first cycle is demonstrated. A long cycle life of 1200 is also achieved for this cell. Density functional theory calculations of ORR and OER on Mo3P (110) reveal that an oxide overlayer formed on the surface gives rise to the observed high ORR and OER electrocatalytic activity and small discharge/charge overpotentials.
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