Uncooled infrared focal plane arrays

After a long incubation period, commercialization of uncooled infrared focal plane arrays (IRFPAs) is progressing rapidly. In the high-end field, pixel pitch reduction is approaching the diffraction limit of optics, and full high-definition IRFPAs have been reported. On the other hand, low-cost infrared array sensors (IRASs), which are small-format IRFPAs for non-imaging applications, are finding new applications in areas such as home appliances. This paper reviews the basics of and advances in uncooled IRFPAs, including IRASs. Some emerging trends in business and applications are also discussed.