期刊
ADVANCED MATERIALS
卷 32, 期 49, 页码 -出版社
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002908
关键词
lithium metal batteries; lithium– sulfur batteries; potassium‐ ion batteries; potassium– sulfur batteries; sodium metal batteries
类别
资金
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-SC0018074]
- Energy Storage Program, Office of Electricity USA [DE-AC05 00OR22725]
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Los Alamos National Laboratory [89233218CNA000001]
- Sandia National Laboratories [DE-NA-0003525]
- U.S. DOE Office of Science Facility, at Brookhaven National Laboratory [DE-SC0012704]
This is the first report of successful potassium metal battery anode cycling with an aluminum-based rather than copper-based current collector. Dendrite-free plating/stripping is achieved through improved electrolyte wetting, employing an aluminum-powder-coated aluminum foil Al@Al, without any modification of the support surface chemistry or electrolyte additives. The reservoir-free Al@Al half-cell is stable at 1000 cycles (1950 h) at 0.5 mA cm(-2), with 98.9% cycling Coulombic efficiency and 0.085 V overpotential. The pre-potassiated cell is stable through a wide current range, including 130 cycles (2600 min) at 3.0 mA cm(-2), with 0.178 V overpotential. Al@Al is fully wetted by a 4 m potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide-dimethoxyethane electrolyte (theta(CA) = 0 degrees), producing a uniform solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) during the initial galvanostatic formation cycles. On planar aluminum foil with a nearly identical surface oxide, the electrolyte wets poorly (theta(CA) = 52 degrees). This correlates with coarse irregular SEI clumps at formation, 3D potassium islands with further SEI coarsening during plating/stripping, possibly dead potassium metal on stripped surfaces, and rapid failure. The electrochemical stability of Al@Al versus planar Al is not related to differences in potassiophilicity (nearly identical) as obtained from thermal wetting experiments. Planar Cu foils are also poorly electrolyte-wetted and become dendritic. The key fundamental takeaway is that the incomplete electrolyte wetting of collectors results in early onset of SEI instability and dendrites.
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