A Compact Full 2π Flexoelectro-Optic Liquid Crystal Phase Modulator

Wavefront shaping, which is often achieved using liquid crystal (LC) spatial light modulators, is particularly important for a wide range of applications including laser microfabrication and micromanipulation, microscopy, and quantum optics. In this work, results are presented for the first integrated LC phase modulator that combines a flexoelectro-optic LC layer (that behaves as a switchable lambda/2 waveplate) with a polymerized reactive mesogen layer (which acts as a lambda/4 waveplate) and a mirrored substrate that creates a double-pass geometry. For a flexoelectro-optic LC layer that exhibits switching angles of +/- 45 degrees at a voltage of +/- 85 V a full 2 pi phase modulation is observed when driven by a 1 kHz waveform. Experimental results are also compared with modeling using Jones calculus of the amplitude and phase variation when the LC and the polymer layer deviate from their desired waveplate conditions. The development and demonstration of an integrated device is particularly significant for applications where size and cost are critical factors such as in LiDAR for the Space and Automotive industries, respectively.