期刊
PHYSICAL REVIEW A
卷 102, 期 5, 页码 -出版社
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.102.053106
关键词
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资金
- NSF PFC [PHY 1734006]
- DARPA [W911NF-16-1-0576]
- ARO [W911NF-16-1-0576]
- DARPA ONISQ
- AFOSR Grant [FA 99550-20-1-0019]
- DOE Office of Science HEP QuantISED award
- US Department of Energy [DE-SC0020393]
- NRC fellowship - NIST
- AFOSR [FA 9550-19-1-0999]
- DOE [DE-SC0018236]
- NSF [PHY1805764]
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0020393] Funding Source: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
Two-dimensional crystals of ions stored in Penning traps are a leading platform for quantum simulation and sensing experiments. For small amplitudes, the out-of-plane motion of such crystals can be described by a discrete set of normal modes called the drumhead modes, which can be used to implement a range of quantum information protocols. However, experimental observations of crystals with Doppler-cooled and even nearground-state-cooled drumhead modes reveal an unresolved drumhead-mode spectrum. In this work, we establish in-plane thermal fluctuations in ion positions as a major contributor to the broadening of the drumhead-mode spectrum. In the process, we demonstrate how the confining magnetic field leads to unconventional in-plane normal modes, whose average potential and kinetic energies are not equal. This property, in turn, has implications for the sampling procedure required to choose the in-plane initial conditions for molecular-dynamics simulations. For current operating conditions of the NIST Penning trap, our study suggests that the two-dimensional crystals produced in this trap undergo in-plane potential-energy fluctuations of the order of 10 mK. Our study therefore motivates the need for designing improved techniques to cool the in-plane degrees of freedom.
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