期刊
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS
卷 32, 期 1, 页码 484-498出版社
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TPWRS.2016.2561258
关键词
Behind-the-meter battery energy storage systems (BESSs); direct load control (DLC); grid frequency regulation (GFR); laboratory-scale microgrid
资金
- National Science Foundation under EFRI-SEEE Grant [1038230]
- Emerging Frontiers & Multidisciplinary Activities
- Directorate For Engineering [1038230] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
This paper proposes a new grid frequency regulation (GFR) scheme using behind-the-meter battery energy storage systems (BESSs). The fast dynamic responses of the electrical BESSs enable buildings to compensate for the high-frequency components of load demand variations, through direct load control (DLC). An electrical system in a building, along with its building-level and device-level controllers, is considered to address the difficulties in the application of DLC, especially in communicating with several small-scale BESSs. A small-signal analysis is carried out using the aggregated responses of the generators and the DLC-enabled buildings to investigate the proposed GFR scheme, particularly with respect to the feedback controllers for the buildings. Simulation studies are performed using a test grid for various penetrations of the DLC-enabled buildings, and the test grid is implemented using a laboratory-scale microgrid. The proposed GFR is effective in reducing the frequency deviations and required reserve capacity of the generators, which is achieved by making small variations in the state-of-charge of the behind-the-meter battery.
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