期刊
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES
卷 68, 期 11, 页码 4886-4895出版社
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2020.3017674
关键词
UHF antennas; Monitoring; Impedance; Integrated circuits; Sensitivity; RFID tags; Antenna-and-rectifier codesign; energy harvesting; far-field power transfer; Internet of Things (IoT) sensor; radio frequency identification (RFID); ultrawideband impulse radio (IR-UWB); ultrahigh frequency (UHF); vital-signal monitoring; wearable device
资金
- National Institutes of Health
- Department of Energy
A novel ultrahigh frequency (UHF)/ultrawideband (UWB) hybrid radio frequency identification (RFID) tag is reported for object-specific remote vital-sign monitoring application. The tag achieves a record energy-harvesting sensitivity at the UHF band by codesigning a meander dipole antenna and a passive rectifier. The especially high quality-factor makes the frontend sensitive to near-field motions such as heartbeats and respiration in a wearable setting. The custom CMOS integrated circuit (IC) of approximately 1-mu W power consumption builds around a low-power UWB transmitter and converts the variations in the supply voltage to the impulse repetition rate. The tag consisting of the IC and UHF/UWB antennas requires no other discrete components and features a size of 4.2 cm x 2.9 cm and a weight of 0.93 g. A long-distance experiment verifies that the tag can be wirelessly powered up at 51 m from a 4-W effective-isotropic-radiation-power UHF transmitter. Remote vital-sign monitoring is validated on a human subject, in which the UHF power source is placed 2 m away from the subject with a power emission of less than 20 dBm. This work proposes a first-of-its-kind remote vital-sign monitoring solution based on a passively powered noncontact wearable tag. The design of the far-field energy-harvesting frontend with a record sensitivity serves as a reference for future works on battery-free remote sensors.
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