Evaluation of the effectiveness of Persian diabetes self-management education in older adults with type 2 diabetes at a diabetes outpatient clinic in Tehran: a pilot randomized control trial

Purpose The effectiveness of diabetes self-management interventions has been more generally demonstrated in adults, but there is little evidence of diabetes self-management specific to older adults situated in Iran. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Persian Diabetes Self-Management Education on self-efficacy, quality of life, self-care activity, depression and loneliness in older adults with type 2 diabetes. Methods In pilot randomized controlled trial, a total of 34 participants >= 60 years with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned into intervention (n = 17) and control (n = 17) group in an outpatient diabetes clinic in Tehran. To assess the primary outcome of participant experiences, the Diabetes Management Self-efficacy Scale (DMSES) was the method of measurement. The Diabetes Quality of Life-Basic Clinical Inventory (DQoL-BCI), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Diabetes Self-Management Education Scale (DSMES), and adult Social-Emotional Loneliness Scale Short form (SELSA-S) were used as secondary outcomes. Participants' evaluations were completed at baseline, while measurements were conducted two and four weeks after allocation, using repeated measurements of Univariate and multivariate ANOVA (adjusted for baseline values) to analyze the data. Results In the multivariate model, there was a significant difference between the control and intervention groups regarding reported quality of life (p = 0.04) and the medical-domain's reported self-efficacy (p = 0.02). However, there were no significant differences in the reported self-management, depression, loneliness, as well as the other domain of self-efficacy; as compared between the two groups before and after intervention. Conclusion The study depicts a promising impact on older adults, imparted by the pertinent program. The finding showed PDSME has a positive effect on quality of life and medical control domain of self-efficacy. This pilot study showed that the program is feasible and duly beneficial if delivered to older adults. This pilot proves appealing to begin further testing within a larger sample population.