Interaction of Invertebrates and Synthetic Polymers in Soil: A Review

Plastic pollution of the environment (including soil) is one of the world's great problems; however, little is known about the effect of synthetic polymers on the soil community. This review summarizes the results of experimental research on the effects of plastic on different groups of soil animals (21 studies) and soil animals on plastic in the soil (13 studies). The presence of microplastic in soil has a negative influence on nematodes, collembolans, pot worms, and earthworms. The mechanisms of this influence often involve damage or dysfunction of the digestive system. On the other hand, soil animals can contribute to the mechanical degradation of plastics and stimulate their microbial degradation in soil. Based on the extensive experience in studying the consequences of plastic pollution of marine ecosystems, we discuss the main problems, tasks, and prospects of studies on the interaction between plastic and soil animals.