Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) flour soluble extract improve intestinal bacterial populations, brush border membrane functionality and morphology in vivo (Gallus gallus)

This study evaluates the effects of intra-amniotic administration of yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) flour soluble extracts (YFSE) on intestinal bacterial populations, brush border membrane (BBM) functionality and morphology, by using the Gallus gallus model. The YFSE increased (p < 0.05) relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium and E. coli compared to 18M Omega H2O. The YFSE had systematic effect on BBM functionality, via the upregulation of zinc (zinc transporters - ZnT1, ZnT7 and ZIP9) and iron (ferroportin, Duodenal cytochrome (DcytB) transporters, sucrose isomaltase (SI), and down regulation of Interleukin 1 beta (IL1 beta), and hepcidin genes expression when compared to the inulin administered group. The YFSE administration increased glycogen concentrations in pectoral muscle compared to noninjected and 18 Omega H2O groups, however, did not change gene expression of enzymes related to glycolysis (phosphofructokinase) and gluconeogenesis (glucose-6 phosphatase). The YFSE increased the depth of crypts, crypt goblet cell diameter, number and type (acidic), and villi goblet cell diameter and type (acidic) when compared to all other groups. Thus, YFSE demonstrated prebiotic effects resulting in improving intestinal bacterial populations profile, BBM functionality, digestive and absorptive capabilities, intestinal morphology, glycogen status and immune system.