期刊
PHYSICAL REVIEW B
卷 102, 期 18, 页码 -出版社
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.102.184307
关键词
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资金
- Canada First Research Excellence Fund, Quantum Materials and Future Technologies Program - Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation's EPiQS Initiative [GBMF4779]
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada's (NSERC's) Steacie Memorial Fellowships
- Alexander von Humboldt Fellowship
- Canada Research Chairs Program
- NSERC, Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI)
- British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund (BCKDF)
- CIFAR Quantum Materials Program
- National Science Foundation [DMR-1752713]
- Max Planck-UBC-UTokyo Centre for Quantum Materials
Time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (TR-ARPES) accesses the electronic structure of solids under optical excitation, and is a powerful technique for studying the coupling between electrons and collective modes. One approach to infer electron-boson coupling is through the relaxation dynamics of optically excited electrons, and the characteristic timescales of energy redistribution. A common description of electron relaxation dynamics is through the effective electronic temperature. Such a description requires that thermodynamic quantities are well-defined, an assumption that is generally violated at early delays. Additionally, precise estimation of the nonthermal window-within which effective temperature models may not be applied-is challenging. We perform TR-ARPES on graphite and show that Boltzmann rate equations can be used to calculate the time-dependent electronic occupation function f (epsilon, t), and reproduce experimental features given by nonthermal electron occupation. Using this model, we define a quantitative measure of nonthermal electron occupation and use it to define distinct phases of electron relaxation in the fluence-delay phase space. More generally, this approach can be used to inform the nonthermal-to-thermal crossover in pump-probe experiments.
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