期刊
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-APPLIED
卷 26, 期 4, 页码 724-738出版社
AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC
DOI: 10.1037/xap0000278
关键词
backward and forward testing effects; working memory capacity; test anxiety; individual differences
资金
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2019NTSS28]
- Educational Research Project of Young and Middle-Aged Teachers of Fujian Province [JAS170619]
- Natural Science Foundation of China [31671130]
- United Kingdom Economic and Social Research Council [ES/S014616/1]
- ESRC [ES/S014616/1] Funding Source: UKRI
Although testing has repeatedly been shown to be one of the most effective strategies for consolidating retention of studied information (the backward testing effect) and facilitating mastery of new information (the forward testing effect), few studies have explored individual differences in the beneficial effects of testing. The current study recruited a large sample (1,032 participants) to explore the potential roles of working memory capacity and test anxiety in the enhancing effects of testing on new learning, and the converse influence of testing on test anxiety. The results demonstrated that administering interim tests during learning appears to be an effective technique to potentiate new learning, regardless of working memory capacity and test anxiety. At a final test on all studied materials, individuals with low working memory capacity benefited more from interim testing than those with high working memory capacity. These testing effects are minimally modulated by levels of trait/state test anxiety, and low-stake interim testing neither reduced nor increased test anxiety. Overall, the results imply that low-stake interim tests can be administered to boost new learning irrespective of learners' level of WMC, test anxiety, and of possible reactive effects of testing on test anxiety.
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