期刊
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS
卷 65, 期 11, 页码 4670-4684出版社
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TCOMM.2017.2723000
关键词
Massive multi-user multiple-input multiple-output; digital-to-analog converter; Bussgang's theorem; minimum mean-square error precoding; convex optimization; semi-definite relaxation; Douglas-Rachford splitting; sphere precoding
资金
- Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research [ID14-0022]
- Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems (VINNOVA) within the competence center ChaseOn
- US National Science Foundation (NSF) [CCF-1535902]
- US Office of Naval Research [N00014-17-1-2078]
- Xilinx Inc.
- US NSF [ECCS-1408006, CCF-1535897, CAREER CCF-1652065]
- Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF) [ID14-0022] Funding Source: Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF)
- Division of Computing and Communication Foundations
- Direct For Computer & Info Scie & Enginr [1535902] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Massive multiuser (MU) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is foreseen to be one of the key technologies in fifth-generation wireless communication systems. In this paper, we investigate the problem of downlink precoding for a narrow-band massive MU-MIMO system with low-resolution digital-to-analog converters (DACs) at the base station (BS). We analyze the performance of linear precoders, such as maximal-ratio transmission and zero-forcing, subject to coarse quantization. Using Bussgang's theorem, we derive a closed-form approximation on the rate achievable under such coarse quantization. Our results reveal that the performance attainable with infinite-resolution DACs can be approached using DACs having only 3-4 bits of resolution, depending on the number of BS antennas and the number of user equipments (UEs). For the case of 1-bit DACs, we also propose novel nonlinear precoding algorithms that significantly outperform linear precoders at the cost of an increased computational complexity. Specifically, we show that nonlinear precoding incurs only a 3 dB penalty compared with the infinite-resolution case for an uncoded bit-error rate of 10-3, in a system with 128 BS antennas that uses 1-bit DACs and serves 16 single-antenna UEs. In contrast, the penalty for linear precoders is about 8 dB.
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