Abrupt phase transition of epidemic spreading in simplicial complexes

Recent studies on network geometry, a way of describing network structures as geometrical objects, are revolutionizing our way to understand dynamical processes on networked systems. Here, we cope with the problem of epidemic spreading, using the susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) model, in simplicial complexes. In particular, we analyze the dynamics of the SIS in complex networks characterized by pairwise interactions (links) and three-body interactions (filled triangles, also known as 2-simplices). This higher-order description of the epidemic spreading is analytically formulated using a microscopic Markov chain approximation. The analysis of the fixed point solutions of the model reveals an interesting phase transition that becomes abrupt with the infectivity parameter of the 2-simplices. Our results pave the way to advance in our physical understanding of epidemic spreading in real scenarios where diseases are transmitted among groups as well as among pairs and to better understand the behavior of dynamical processes in simplicial complexes.