Non-Hermitian topological metamaterials with odd elasticity

We establish non-Hermitian topological mechanics in one-dimensional (1D) and 2D lattices consisting of mass points connected by metabeams that lead to odd elasticity. Extended from the non-Hermitian skin effect in 1D systems, we demonstrate this effect in 2D lattices in which bulk elastic waves exponentially localize in both lattice directions. We clarify a proper definition of Berry phase in non-Hermitian systems, with which we characterize the lattice topology and show the emergence of topological modes on lattice boundaries. The eigenfrequencies of topological modes are complex due to the breaking of PT symmetry and the excitations could exponentially grow in time in the damped regime. Besides the bulk modes, additional localized modes arise in the bulk band and they are easily affected by perturbations. These distinguishing features may manifest themselves in various active materials and biological systems.