Estimate of Ocean Wind Vectors Inside Tropical Cyclones From Polarimetric Radiometer

Microwave polarimetry provides a distinctive opportunity to retrieve wind speed (WS) and wind direction (WD) inside tropical cyclones (TCs) due to the high atmospheric transmissivity through clouds and under rain conditions. A WS retrieval algorithm for WS above 20 m/s in TCs using brightness temperature at 6.8- and 10.7-GHz has been developed and a new set of parameters has been optimized from WindSat TB and the HWind analysis matches. This algorithm is estimated to have an encouraging degree of accuracy for retrieving WS in TCs. For WS above 20 m/s, the mean (std) of the differences between retrieved WS and HWind analysis for 17 TCs from 2003 to 2009 is 0.2 m/s (3.1 m/s). WD signals in the third (T-3) and fourth Stokes (T-4) parameters at 10.7-, 18.7- and 37-GHz for ocean surfaces in TCs under rain are presented. T-3 observations from the WindSat 10.7-, 18.7-, and 37-GHz channels are collocated with the ocean-surface winds from the HWind analysis. The collocated data are binned as a function of WS and WD. The 10.7 GHz T-3 data show clear 4-K peak-to-peak directional signals at 30-40 m/s WS after correction for the atmospheric attenuation. The data are fitted by harmonics of the relative azimuth angles between the HWind analysis and radiometer look directions. The new coefficients of WD harmonics are used to retrieve WD in TCs under rain using WindSat T-3 and T-4 channels. The rms difference between retrieved WD and HWind WD is 24.2.