Measurement-Based Multiple-Scattering Model of Small-Scale Fading in High-Speed Railway Cutting Scenarios

In this letter, the fading statistics of wireless channels in high-speed railway cutting scenarios are characterized based on measurements. A multiple scattering model called second-order scattering fading (SOSF) is used to model the small-scale fading considering the influence of cuttings and bridges. The SOSF model can offer the possibility of analytical estimation for different fading severities via a simple moment-based estimator. It is demonstrated that Ricean fading is the dominant fading distribution in cutting scenarios, but deep fades also occur. The fading process is therefore described by a hidden Markov model, which is validated statistically by measurement data.