期刊
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL SYSTEMS AND REHABILITATION ENGINEERING
卷 28, 期 12, 页码 2681-2690出版社
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TNSRE.2020.3038718
关键词
Brain modeling; Electroencephalography; Correlation; Deep learning; Training; Benchmark testing; Task analysis; Brain-computer interface (BCI); convolutional correlation analysis (Conv-CA); deep learning; electroencephalo-gram (EEG); steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)
资金
- National Science Foundation [1464737]
- Directorate For Engineering
- Div Of Civil, Mechanical, & Manufact Inn [1464737] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Currently, most of the high-performance models for frequency recognition of steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) are linear. However, SSVEPs collected from different channels can have non-linear relationship among each other. Linearly combining electroencephalogram (EEG) from multiple channels is not the most accurate solution in SSVEPs classification. To further improve the performance of SSVEP-based brain-computer interface (BCI), we propose a convolutional neural network-based non-linear model, i.e. convolutional correlation analysis (Conv-CA). Different from pure deep learning models, Conv-CA use convolutional neural networks (CNNs) at the top of a self-defined correlation layer. The CNNs function on how to transform multiple channel EEGs into a single EEG signal. The correlation layer calculates the correlation coefficients between the transformed single EEG signal and reference signals. The CNNs provide non-linear operations to combine EEGs in different channels and different time. And the correlation layer constrains the fitting space of the deep learning model. A comparison study between the proposed Conv-CA method and the task-related component analysis (TRCA) based methods is conducted. Both methods are validated on a 40-class SSVEP benchmark dataset recorded from 35 subjects. The study verifies that the Conv-CA method significantly outperforms the TRCA-based methods. Moreover, Conv-CA has good explainability since its inputs of the correlation layer can be analyzed for visualizing what the model learnt from the data. Conv-CA is a non-linear extension of spatial filters. Its CNN structures can be further explored and tuned for reaching a better performance. The structure of combining neural networks and unsupervised features has the potential to be applied to the classification of other signals.
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