Study of PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 levels in during dust storms and local air pollution events in urban and rural sites in Tehran

The aim of this study is to survey the PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 concentrations in rural and urban areas in Tehran province during cold, warm and dust storm days from December 22, 2016 to June 5, 2017 using Grimm Model aerosol spectrometer. During the study period, daily PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 concentrations ranged from 27.2 to 244.96, 8.4 to 77.9, and 6.5 to 56.8 mg/m(3) in urban sites, and 22.8 to 286.4, 6 to 41.1, and 2.1 to 20.2 mg/m(3) in rural parts, respectively. Particularly, both daily WHO limits for outdoor PM10 (50.0 mg/m(3)) and PM2.5 (25.0 mg/m(3)) exceeded in 95% and 83% of the outdoor measurements in winter and 82% and 58% in total sampled days in urban site, respectively. The 24-h average PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations also exceeded by 59% and 18% in winter and by 36% and 14% of all sampling days in rural site, respectively. During the dust storm, the 24-h average PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 concentrations were, respectively 4.7, 2, and 1.96 times higher than those in urban site and 2, 1.7, and 1.3 times more than those in rural site in all sampled days.