Battery aging conscious intelligent energy management strategy and sensitivity analysis of the critical factors for plug-in hybrid electric buses

The aim of this paper is to propose a battery aging conscious energy management strategy. The initial design of an energy management strategy is a significant point, in order to fulfill the efficiency goals in a short term. However, with the aging, the initial conditions vary. The new trend of digitalization allows to monitor the operation, having the possibility to update the developed first strategy in a long term. Therefore a methodology for updating the energy management strategy throughout the bus lifetime is proposed, in order to improve the operation costs and extend the battery lifetime. This update is based on a dynamic programming optimization, tuning the fuzzy logic membership functions and output. Operation costs improvements up to 32.5% are obtained beside a rule-based strategy and a BT lifetime extension of 5.64% is reached. A sensitivity analysis for identifying the critical factors affecting the plug-in hybrid electric bus energy management strategy has been carried out. Auxiliary consumption variation and battery lifetime throughout the bus lifetime have been identified as the most affecting factors. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.