期刊
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
卷 44, 期 11, 页码 5531-5539出版社
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1002/2017GL073095
关键词
landscape evolution; topographic slope; mountain age; relaxation process; statistical mechanics; topography
资金
- USDA Agricultural Research Service [58-6408-3-027]
- National Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR-1331846, EAR-1316258]
- FESD [EAR-1338694]
- Duke WISeNet grant [DGE-1068871]
- Division Of Earth Sciences
- Directorate For Geosciences [1331846] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
After their formation, mountainous landscapes gradually evolve toward smoother geometries controlled by the interplay of erosion and sedimentation. The statistical mechanical properties of this process and the link between topography and geology have remained largely unexplored. We analyze the slope statistics of different mountains worldwide, showing that landscape age is fingerprinted in their distribution tails. Data reveal a universal relaxation process, through an algebraic decay progressively replaced by an exponential one, with exponents described by a global monotonic function. We then investigate the dominant components of this dynamic smoothing using a landscape evolution model, showing that the time evolution of slope statistics results from a delicate balance between diffusive soil creep, noise, and advective river incision, with the relaxation phase mainly dominated by diffusion. Results may suggest ways to formulate reduced order topographic evolution models for geomorphological and climatological applications, and to explore similarities in surface evolution in different contexts.
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