Isolation and Characterization of Rumex acetosa-Associated Mineral-Weathering Bacteria

A total of 121 bacterial strains were isolated from the rhizosphere soils, root and stem interiors of Rumex acetosa to characterize the microenvironment-related changes in the mineral-weathering effectiveness, weathering mechanisms and populations of the bacteria. Among the 121 bacterial strains, 118 bacterial strains were found to weather biotite. The relative abundance of the highly effective mineral-weathering bacteria was different among the rhizosphere soils, root and stem interiors. Notably, the highest and lowest relative abundances of the highly effective mineral-weathering bacteria were observed in the stem and root interiors, respectively. Furthermore, the relative abundance of the highly acid-producing bacteria was significantly higher in the rhizosphere soils and stem interiors, while the highest and lowest relative abundances of the highly siderophore-producing bacteria were found in the stem interiors and rhizosphere soils, respectively. The mineral-weathering bacteria from the rhizosphere soils, root and stem interiors were affiliated with 11, 7 and 4 genera, respectively. In addition, 25-73% of the bacterial genera were specific to the plant-associated environments. The results showed diverse mineral-weathering bacteria in the plant-associated environments and microenvironment-related changes in weathering effectiveness and pattern and populations of the mineral-weathering bacteria. The results also suggested the different biotite-weathering mechanisms used by the bacteria among the plant-associated environments.