Depression among entrepreneurs: a scoping review

Entrepreneurial work can be challenging, including financial dependence on both the success of the venture and the continued work ability and well-being of the founder. Popular media suggests that entrepreneurs are at increased risk of depression and suicide; however, the research literature addressing this risk is unclear. Accordingly, this study aimed to explore what is known about depression among entrepreneurs. Scoping review and thematic synthesis of the findings. Thirty-four articles fit the criteria and corresponded to four overarching themes: Social relations, Personal factors, Work characteristics, and Mental health. Each theme contains sub-themes regarding the psychological impact of entrepreneurial work. These include personal factors such as gender, personality traits, and routine. Other factors include significant time demands, putting entrepreneurs at risk for social isolation and relationship strain. These may result in feelings of failure and shame, while stigma and a need to project a positive brand identity may prevent entrepreneurs from seeking the help that they need. This review demonstrates the variety of factors that impact entrepreneurs' mental health. The themes that emerged from this work are congruent with a diathesis-stress model of depression. Together, these factors may contribute to a risk of depression and suicide among entrepreneurs that is, as yet, relatively unexplored in peer-reviewed research literature.

Automated summary

Entrepreneurs face various pressures from personal factors, work characteristics, and social relations, with factors such as time demands and social isolation increasing the risk of depression. Stigma and a need to maintain a positive brand image may prevent entrepreneurs from seeking help for mental health issues.