Yoga v Health Education for Attentional Processes Relevant to Major Depressive Disorder

Objectives Research has shown that yoga may be an effective adjunctive treatment for persistent depression, the benefits of which may accumulate over time. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the following in a sample of persistently depressed individuals: whether yoga increases mindfulness and whether yoga attenuates rumination. Rumination and mindfulness both represent attentional processes relevant for onset and maintenance of depressive episodes. Methods One-hundred-ten individuals who were persistently depressed despite ongoing use of pharmacological treatment were recruited into an RCT comparing yoga with a health education class. Mindfulness and rumination were assessed at baseline and across 3 time points during the 10-week intervention. Results Findings demonstrate that, compared to health education, yoga was associated with higher mean levels of the observe facet of mindfulness relative to the control group during the intervention period (p = 0.004, d = 0.38), and that yoga was associated with a faster rate of increase in levels of acting with awareness over the intervention period (p = 0.03, f(2) = 0.027). There were no differences between intervention groups with respect to rumination. Conclusions Results suggest a small effect of yoga on components of mindfulness during a 10-week intervention period. Previous research suggests that continued assessment after the initial 10 weeks may reveal continued improvement. Future research may also examine moderators of the impact of yoga on mindfulness and rumination, including clinical factors such as depression severity or depression chronicity, or demographic factors such as age.

Automated summary

Research demonstrates that yoga has a small effect on increasing levels of mindfulness, particularly in the observe facet, among persistently depressed individuals. However, there were no significant differences in rumination levels between the yoga group and the control group. Continued assessment beyond the initial 10-week intervention may reveal further improvements in mindfulness.