Effectiveness of anesthetic solutions for pain control in lower third molar extraction surgeries: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials with network meta-analysis

Objective To assess the effectiveness of different anesthetic solutions for pain control immediately after the extraction of lower third molars. Methods Nine databases were used to identify randomized clinical trials, without restriction of language or year of publication. The JBI Critical Appraisal Tools for Systematic Reviews was used to assess the risk of bias in the studies. The network meta-analysis was performed to compare the effectiveness of different anesthetics to control the pain immediately after the surgery of lower third molars, using the standardized mean difference (SMD) as the effect estimate. The GRADE approach was used to assess the certainty of evidence. Results The search presented 13,739 initial results, from which 45 met the eligibility criteria and presented low to moderate risk of bias. Thirteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. The 2% lidocaine + clonidine presented the lowest pain scores (SMD = - 1.44; - 2.72 to - 0.16) compared to 4% articaine + adrenaline, followed by 0.5% bupivacaine + adrenaline (SMD = - 1.36; - 2.13 to - 0.59). The certainty of evidence varied between very low to moderate. Conclusion 2% lidocaine + clonidine and 0.5% bupivacaine + adrenaline were the anesthetics with the highest probability for pain control immediately after the surgical procedure of removing impacted lower third molars. Clinical significance The use of an adequate anesthetic with effective pain control can contribute to a more comfortable postoperative period.

Automated summary

This study evaluated the effectiveness of different anesthetic solutions for pain control immediately after lower third molar extraction, finding that 2% lidocaine + clonidine and 0.5% bupivacaine + adrenaline were the most effective options. These findings can guide clinical decisions on anesthesia selection for postoperative pain management.