Family firms' selective learning-by-exporting: product vs process innovation and the role of technological capabilities

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine how family governance and technological capabilities influence the conversion of new knowledge obtained from exports into various innovation outputs, a phenomenon called learning-by-exporting (LBE). Design/methodology/approach To properly examine the causal links proposed in the study, first, the control for endogeneity. Second, a propensity-score matching longitudinal analysis is conducted, a particularly robust empirical method that enhances reliability in non-experimental data, over an average sample of 663 manufacturing companies for the period 2007 to 2014. Findings Family firms' innovation strategies and abilities render them more likely to convert the new knowledge from exporting into product innovation and more efficient in this endeavor than non-family firms. This diverts family firms' typically limited resources from process innovation, and they have a smaller LBE effect than non-family firms in terms of process innovation. Originality/value The study contributes to the internationalization literature by producing a more nuanced view of the learning-by-exporting effect which considers the type of innovation outcomes developed following export activity. It also helps to identify some of the firm-specific factors that shape the relationship between exports and innovation, by empirically examining for the first time the role of family governance in innovation capabilities and decisions.

Automated summary

This study examines how family governance and technological capabilities influence the conversion of new knowledge obtained from exports into innovation outputs, finding that family firms are more effective in product innovation but less so in process innovation compared to non-family firms. It contributes to internationalization literature by providing a nuanced view of the learning-by-exporting effect and empirically examining the role of family governance in innovation capabilities.