Hyperoxia induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated apoptosis via the IRE1α pathway in rats with bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common chronic lung disease in premature infants, and alveolar dysplasia and pulmonary vascular development disorders are the predominant pathological features. Apoptosis of lung epithelial cells is a key factor in the pathological process of alveolar developmental arrest. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-associated apoptosis is a noncanonical apoptotic pathway involved in the development of several pulmonary diseases. Previous studies have demonstrated that protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase, inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1 alpha) and activating transcription factor 6 can initiate the apoptosis signaling pathway mediated by ERS and induce apoptosis of injured cells. Among them, the IRE1 alpha pathway is the most conservative pathway in the unfolded protein response, which serves an important role in a number of pathological environments, to the extent of determining cell fate; however, it is rarely reported in BPD. Based on the establishment of a rat BPD model, the present study verified the activation of ERS in BPD and further confirmed that prolonged ERS inhibited the protective pathway, IRE1 alpha/X-box binding proteins, and activated the proapoptotic pathway, IRE1 alpha/c-Jun N-terminal kinase, to induce the apoptosis of lung epitheliums.

Automated summary

BPD is the most common chronic lung disease in premature infants, characterized by alveolar dysplasia and pulmonary vascular development disorders. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated apoptosis, particularly through the IRE1 alpha pathway, plays a significant role in the development of BPD.