期刊
ADVANCES IN PHYSICS
卷 70, 期 1, 页码 1-153出版社
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/00018732.2021.1969727
关键词
Cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED); ultracold quantum gases; Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC); Fermi gases; strong matter-field coupling; Dicke superradiance; self-organization; cavity-enhanced metrology
资金
- Lise-Meitner Fellowship of the Austrian Science Fund FWF [M2438-NBL]
- Austrian Science Fund FWF [I3964-N27]
- Swiss National Science Foundation SNF: NCCR QSIT
- project Cavity-assisted pattern recognition [IZBRZ2 186312]
- EU Horizon 2020: ITN grant ColOpt [721465]
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche ANR
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [IZBRZ2_186312] Funding Source: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF)
The field of quantum-gas cavity QED has rapidly evolved over the past decade, offering opportunities to implement, simulate, and experimentally test fundamental solid-state Hamiltonians as well as non-equilibrium many-body phenomena. Notable experiments have observed various phenomena by designing and controlling photon-induced tunable-range interactions in open quantum environments.
We review the recent developments and the current status in the field of quantum-gas cavity QED. Since the first experimental demonstration of atomic self-ordering in a system composed of a Bose-Einstein condensate coupled to a quantized electromagnetic mode of a high-Q optical cavity, the field has rapidly evolved over the past decade. The composite quantum-gas-cavity systems offer the opportunity to implement, simulate, and experimentally test fundamental solid-state Hamiltonians, as well as to realize non-equilibrium many-body phenomena beyond conventional condensed-matter scenarios. This hinges on the unique possibility to design and control in open quantum environments photon-induced tunable-range interaction potentials for the atoms using tailored pump lasers and dynamic cavity fields. Notable examples range from Hubbard-like models with long-range interactions exhibiting a lattice-supersolid phase, over emergent magnetic orderings and quasicrystalline symmetries, to the appearance of dynamic gauge potentials and non-equilibrium topological phases. Experiments have managed to load spin-polarized as well as spinful quantum gases into various cavity geometries and engineer versatile tunable-range atomic interactions. This led to the experimental observation of spontaneous discrete and continuous symmetry breaking with the appearance of soft-modes as well as supersolidity, density and spin self-ordering, dynamic spin-orbit coupling, and non-equilibrium dynamical self-ordered phases among others. In addition, quantum-gas-cavity setups offer new platforms for quantum-enhanced measurements. In this review, starting from an introduction to basic models, we pedagogically summarize a broad range of theoretical developments and put them in perspective with the current and near future state-of-art experiments.
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