Exciting New Developments and Emerging Themes in Glycosaminoglycan Research

Review Cell Biology

Cell Energy Metabolism and Hyaluronan Synthesis

Ilaria Caon et al.

Summary: The text discusses the synthesis and regulation of hyaluronan (HA), focusing on the control of hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2), the importance of UDP-sugars in HA synthesis, and the close connection between HA metabolism and energy homeostasis.

JOURNAL OF HISTOCHEMISTRY & CYTOCHEMISTRY (2021)

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Review Cell Biology

Integration of Sugar Metabolism and Proteoglycan Synthesis by UDP-glucose Dehydrogenase

Brenna M. Zimmer et al.

Summary: Regulation of proteoglycan and glycosaminoglycan synthesis is crucial for development and adult functions. The enzyme UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (UGDH) plays a key role in glycosaminoglycan synthesis and is tightly controlled at multiple levels.

JOURNAL OF HISTOCHEMISTRY & CYTOCHEMISTRY (2021)

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Review Cell Biology

The Role of Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans in Nervous System Development

Caitlin P. Mencio et al.

Summary: The orderly development of the nervous system involves phases of cell proliferation and differentiation, neural migration, axonal outgrowth, and synapse formation, with chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) playing a key role. Evidence of CSPGs' involvement in neural development is complex and sometimes contradictory, highlighting the need for further research to uncover their mechanisms of action.

JOURNAL OF HISTOCHEMISTRY & CYTOCHEMISTRY (2021)

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Review Cell Biology

Hyaluronan and Its Receptors as Regulatory Molecules of the Endothelial Interface

Kimberly A. Queisser et al.

Summary: The glycocalyx on endothelial cells is a complex barrier of polysaccharides, with hyaluronan (HA) playing a critical role in transmitting mechanosensory information, regulating EC barrier permeability, and influencing cell proliferation and angiogenesis through various receptor-ligand interactions.

JOURNAL OF HISTOCHEMISTRY & CYTOCHEMISTRY (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Sulfated glycans engage the Ang-Tie pathway to regulate vascular development

Matthew E. Griffin et al.

Summary: Heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans (HS GAGs) regulate Ang-Tie signaling by interacting directly with Ang ligands and Tie1 receptors, enhancing endothelial survival signaling and maintaining Tie1 stability within the mature vasculature. Loss of HS-Tie1 binding leads to decreased Tie protein levels, pathway suppression, and aberrant retinal vascularization.

NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Engineering, Biomedical