The Effects of Valence and Arousal on Time Perception in Depressed Patients

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of emotional state on time perception in patients with depression and to investigate if time perception in patients with depression could be changed by induced emotional state. Patients and Methods: A clinically-depressed (CD, n=19) and non-depressed (ND, n=22) group viewed four video clips of different levels of valence and arousal (ie, positive-high arousal, positive-low arousal, negative-high arousal, negative-low arousal). After inducing emotion state, all participants performed a time perception task to measure differences in the perception of time. Results: The results showed that the CD group perceived time passing more slowly than the ND group at baseline and in all conditions, especially in the negative-low arousal condition. The ND group perceived time passed more quickly in the positive-high arousal condition compared to the CD group. These results indicate that emotional state with combined valence and arousal factors could change time perception in patients with depression. Conclusion: Based on these results, it is suggested that changing the emotional state of the depressive patient by considering valence as well as arousal is important to improve the distortion on time perception.

Automated summary

This study aimed to investigate the effects of emotional state on time perception in patients with depression and whether induced emotional states could alter time perception. Results showed that clinically depressed patients perceived time passing more slowly, especially in negative-low arousal conditions, compared to non-depressed individuals. Emotional states with combined valence and arousal factors were found to influence time perception in patients with depression, suggesting that changing the emotional state by considering valence and arousal is crucial to improve time perception distortion in depressive patients.