Ethnicity as a predictor of gender segregation among young children in an informal urban settlement in Kenya

Although the emergence of gender segregation in early childhood is a well-established pattern in formal settings (i.e., group childcare, preschool) from research predominantly in North America, little is known about the gender segregation among young children in Sub-Saharan Africa, especially in the contexts of ethnically diverse informal urban settlements. Using naturalistic observations of 62 focal-children (2 to 4 year olds) from 4 ethnic groups (Kamba, Kikuyu, Luo, and Maasai) in one informal urban settlement in Kenya, we examined the gender segregation in social interactions and proximity to other children in their daily lives. Focal-children's ethnicity, age, and gender were considered as potential predictors of gender segregation (i.e., tendency to spend time in close proximity or social interaction with children of their same gender). Ethnicity was the best predictor of gender segregation, as Maasai children exhibited more evidence of gender segregation than children of other ethnicities. Age and gender did not predict the patterns of gender segregation in this sample. Findings are discussed with respect to cultural roles related to gender, ethnically diverse urban communities, social development in early childhood, and prevalent assumptions about the universality of gender segregation in early childhood.

Automated summary

The study found that ethnicity was the best predictor of gender segregation, with Maasai children exhibiting more evidence of gender segregation than children from other ethnicities. Age and gender did not predict the patterns of gender segregation in the sample. The findings are discussed in relation to cultural roles, ethnically diverse urban communities, social development in early childhood, and assumptions about the universality of gender segregation.