Classical-Noise-Free Sensing Based on Quantum Correlation Measurement*

Quantum sensing, using quantum properties of sensors, can enhance resolution, precision, and sensitivity of imaging, spectroscopy, and detection. An intriguing question is: Can the quantum nature (quantumness) of sensors and targets be exploited to enable schemes that are not possible for classical probes or classical targets? Here we show that measurement of the quantum correlations of a quantum target indeed allows for sensing schemes that have no classical counterparts. As a concrete example, in the case that the second-order classical correlation of a quantum target could be totally concealed by non-stationary classical noise, the higher-order quantum correlations can single out a quantum target from the classical noise background, regardless of the spectrum, statistics, or intensity of the noise. Hence a classical-noise-free sensing scheme is proposed. This finding suggests that the quantumness of sensors and targets is still to be explored to realize the full potential of quantum sensing. New opportunities include sensitivity beyond classical approaches, non-classical correlations as a new approach to quantum many-body physics, loophole-free tests of the quantum foundation, et cetera.

Automated summary

Utilizing quantum correlations of quantum targets allows for sensing schemes without classical counterparts, even when the second-order classical correlation of a quantum target is concealed by classical noise, higher-order quantum correlations can distinguish the quantum target from the noise, proposing a noise-free sensing scheme. This finding suggests that exploring quantumness of sensors and targets can realize the full potential of quantum sensing, offering new opportunities such as sensitivity beyond classical approaches and non-classical correlations in quantum many-body physics.