Disruption of interferon-β production by the Npro of atypical porcine pestivirus

Atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) is an emerging porcine virus that threatens global swine production. Pestiviruses can prevent interferon (IFN) production to avoid the host innate immune response, and the N-pro viral protein can play a critical role. Knowledge of the host immune response to APPV infection is limited. Here, we showed that the IFN-beta production was suppressed by APPV-N-pro and the IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) promoter activity stimulated by adaptor molecules of the IFN-beta signaling pathway was also inhibited in the APPV-N-pro-expressed cells. The APPV-N-pro was able to interact with IRF3 and interfere the phosphorylation of IRF3, indicated that the IFN-beta antagonism of APPV-N-pro mainly depended on blocking IRF3 activity. To identify the functional region of APPV-N-pro, a panel of truncated APPV-N-pro was constructed, and its influence on the IRF3 activation was investigated. The results showed that the N-terminal 31-51 amino acids of APPV-N-pro were mainly associated with inhibition of the IFN-beta response. Taken together, this is the first study focusing on elucidating the function of APPV protein by revealing a novel mechanism of N-pro in disruption of host IFN-beta production, which will enlighten future study in addressing APPV pathogenesis and immune evasion.

Automated summary

The study revealed that APPV-N-pro is capable of inhibiting IFN-beta production by interacting with IRF3 and interfering with its phosphorylation, primarily blocking IRF3 activity to combat IFN-beta. Additionally, it was found that the N-terminal 31-51 amino acids of APPV-N-pro were mainly associated with inhibiting the IFN-beta response.