期刊
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
卷 14, 期 1, 页码 262-292出版社
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/d0ee02870c
关键词
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资金
- US Department of Energy
- Mellichamp Sustainability Initiative
- European Research Council, ERC Starting Grant 2015 (CatASus) [638076]
- Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) [723.015.005]
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC36-08GO28308]
- U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Bioenergy Technologies Office
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, a U.S. Department of Energy Research Center - Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science
- European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Starting grant: CATACOAT) [758653]
- Swiss Competence Center for Bioenergy Research (SCCERBIOSWEET)
- Swiss National Foundation
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE BER Office of Science) [DE-SC0018409]
- National Science Foundation, CBET Award [1454299]
- Swedish Energy Agency
- STINT
- Stockholm university
- KULeuven
- Belgian government through SB-FWO
- SBO
- Catalysti (NIBCON)
- Catalysti (PADDLE)
- Catalysti (ARBOREF)
- Catalysti (MAIA)
- EU via the HORIZON 2020 program (BBI SMARTBOX)
- National Science Foundation of China [21721004, 21690080, 21991090]
- ERC Consolidator Grant (LIGNINFIRST) [725762]
- European Research Council (ERC) [725762] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
- Div Of Chem, Bioeng, Env, & Transp Sys
- Directorate For Engineering [1454299] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
The valorisation of lignin is crucial for the economic viability of the lignocellulosic biorefining industry. The lignin-first biorefining approach, which considers lignin valorisation in the design phase, has been shown to make the fullest use of lignocellulose. Despite the diverse approaches to reporting and analyzing results from lignin-first methods, we propose guidelines for analyzing critical data in order to facilitate direct comparisons between studies.
The valorisation of the plant biopolymer lignin is now recognised as essential to enabling the economic viability of the lignocellulosic biorefining industry. In this context, the lignin-first biorefining approach, in which lignin valorisation is considered in the design phase, has demonstrated the fullest utilisation of lignocellulose. We define lignin-first methods as active stabilisation approaches that solubilise lignin from native lignocellulosic biomass while avoiding condensation reactions that lead to more recalcitrant lignin polymers. This active stabilisation can be accomplished by solvolysis and catalytic conversion of reactive intermediates to stable products or by protection-group chemistry of lignin oligomers or reactive monomers. Across the growing body of literature in this field, there are disparate approaches to report and analyse the results from lignin-first approaches, thus making quantitative comparisons between studies challenging. To that end, we present herein a set of guidelines for analysing critical data from lignin-first approaches, including feedstock analysis and process parameters, with the ambition of uniting the lignin-first research community around a common set of reportable metrics. These guidelines comprise standards and best practices or minimum requirements for feedstock analysis, stressing reporting of the fractionation efficiency, product yields, solvent mass balances, catalyst efficiency, and the requirements for additional reagents such as reducing, oxidising, or capping agents. Our goal is to establish best practices for the research community at large primarily to enable direct comparisons between studies from different laboratories. The use of these guidelines will be helpful for the newcomers to this field and pivotal for further progress in this exciting research area.
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