期刊
FRONTIERS IN WATER
卷 3, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/frwa.2021.639204
关键词
Pantanal; drought; river levels; biodiversity; fires
资金
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Climate Change Phase 2 under CNPq [465501/2014-1]
- FAPESP [2014/50848-9, 2015/50122-0, 2015/03804-9, 2017/096596]
- National Coordination for High Level Education and Training (CAPES) [88887.136402/2017-00]
- CAPES student fellowships of theGraduate Program on Natural Disasters of the UNESP/CEMADEN Program
The Pantanal region in South America has been experiencing severe drought and wildfires in recent years, leading to a decrease in hydrological levels, transportation restrictions, and impacts on biodiversity. This has had serious consequences on both natural and human systems.
The Pantanal region in South America is one of the world's largest wetlands. Since 2019, the Pantanal has suffered a prolonged drought that has spelled disaster for the region, and subsequent fires have engulfed hundreds of thousands of hectares. The lack of rainfall during the summers of 2019 and 2020 was caused by reduced transport of warm and humid summer air from Amazonia into the Pantanal. Instead, a predominance of warmer and drier air masses from subtropical latitudes contributed to a scarcity of summer rainfall at the peak of the monsoon season. This led to prolonged extreme drought conditions across the region. This drought had severe impacts on the hydrology of the Pantanal. Hydrometric levels fell all along the Paraguay River. In 2020, river levels reached extremely low values, and in some sections of this river, transportation had to be restricted. Very low river levels affected the mobility of people and shipping of soybeans and minerals to the Atlantic Ocean by the Hidrovia -Parana-Paraguai (Parana-Paraguay Waterway). This study is directed to better understand the hydroclimatic aspects of the current drought in the Brazilian Pantanal and their impacts on natural and human systems. As a consequence of the drought, fires spread and affected natural biodiversity as well as the agribusiness and cattle ranching sectors. While fires had serious socioecological and economic consequences, we do not intend to investigate the effect of the downstream low-level waters on the Pantanal ecosystems or the drought in the risk of fire.
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