期刊
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
卷 9, 期 1, 页码 -出版社
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2020.104665
关键词
Biodiesel; Transesterification; KOH; Fumed silica; Catalyst; Reusability
In this study, a highly efficient biodiesel catalyst was prepared by impregnating KOH on fumed silica followed by calcination, with the 30% KOH/FS catalyst showing the best performance. Optimum conditions for biodiesel production over this catalyst were identified, leading to a final FAME yield of 99.9%. The catalyst showed slight deactivation after 3 consecutive runs, but coating the catalyst with biodiesel improved its stability, maintaining a maximum FAME yield of 99.9% over multiple runs. The properties of the produced biodiesel met ASTM requirements, demonstrating the catalyst's potential for industrial application in transesterification of waste cooking oil.
In this study, several KOH loadings (10, 20, and 30 wt %) were impregnated on fumed silica (FS) using the wet impregnation method followed by calcination at 500 degrees C for 3 h. The catalysts were characterized by N-2 adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. Catalysts were tested in the transesterification of sunflower oil. The catalyst with a 30 wt % loading of KOH (30KOH/FS) showed the best catalytic performance by exhibiting the highest FAME yield. Optimum conditions for biodiesel production over this catalyst were, a reaction time of 4 h at 60 degrees C, a catalyst to oil ratio of 10 wt % and a methanol to oil molar ratio of 12:1 giving a final FAME yield of 99.9 %. The reusability study revealed a slight deactivation after 3 consecutive runs, attributed to the adsorption of hydrocarbons on the active sites. A breakthrough was achieved when the catalyst was coated with biodiesel (3 wt % with respect to oil in the initial methanol-oil mixture) which formed a protective layer over the active sites. This resulted in a better stability of the 30KOH/FS catalyst as it maintained the maximum FAME yield (99.9 %) over 3 consecutive runs. The properties of the produced biodiesel complied with the ASTM requirements. The coated catalyst also attained and maintained the maximum FAME yield (99.9 %) over 3 consecutive runs in the transesterification of waste cooking oil demonstrating its potential for industrial application.
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