Polybenzimidazole (PBI) and benzimidazole-linked polymer (BILP) membranes

Polybenzimidazoles (PBIs) and benzimidazole-linked polymers (BILPs) have exceptional thermal and chemical stability, and hence, their membranes were developed and used under harsh conditions. In this review, the for-mation, structures, and properties of these polymers are studied follow by the fabrication of membranes. Ap-plications, such as gas separation, organic solvent nanofiltration, water treatment, pervaporation and proton exchange, are extensively reviewed. The relationship of membrane performance and structure is established, highlighting the importance of processing protocols and post treatments. Future directions are provided on the basis of the conclusions.

Automated summary

This review explores the formation, structures, and properties of Polybenzimidazoles (PBIs) and benzimidazole-linked polymers (BILPs), as well as the fabrication of membranes. Various applications such as gas separation, organic solvent nanofiltration, water treatment, pervaporation, and proton exchange are extensively reviewed, with emphasis on the relationship between membrane performance and structure. Future directions are proposed based on the conclusions drawn.