期刊
POPULATION AND ENVIRONMENT
卷 42, 期 4, 页码 501-523出版社
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s11111-020-00371-5
关键词
Social mobility; Environmental inequality; Air pollution; Lead exposure; Neighborhood effects; Racial disparities
资金
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute on Child Health and Human Development [R13 HD096853]
This study reveals that children exposed to high levels of traffic-related air pollution and housing-derived lead risk may have lower incomes and higher rates of incarceration or early parenthood as adults. However, different pollutants have similar effects on predicting social mobility, with important disparities in exposure by race.
This paper joins a growing body of research linking measures of the physical environment to population well-being, with a focus on neighborhood toxins. Extending a national database on the social mobility of American children growing up in over 70,000 Census tracts, we explore the association between childhood exposure to two forms of pollutants and three socioeconomic outcomes for African Americans, whites, and Latinos. We find that children who grew up in Census tracts with higher levels of traffic-related air pollution and housing-derived lead risk experienced lower adult incomes on average relative to their parents and higher likelihoods of being incarcerated as an adult or having children as teenagers, after controlling for standard socio-demographic characteristics and metropolitan-level effects. The spatial distribution of these two pollutants is surprisingly different, however, with air pollution varying mostly between regions of the country while lead risk varies dramatically between neighborhoods within the same city. Yet, each pollutant predicts the three aspects of social mobility similarly, and we show important disparities in exposure by race. Differential exposure to environmental toxins in childhood may be a contributor to racial inequality in socioeconomic outcomes among adults.
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