Electrically charged localized structures

This work deals with an Abelian gauge field in the presence of an electric charge immersed in a medium controlled by neutral scalar fields, which interact with the gauge field through a generalized dielectric function. We develop an interesting procedure to solve the equations of motion, which is based on the minimization of the energy, leading us to a first order framework where minimum energy solutions of first order differential equations solve the equations of motion. We investigate two distinct models in two and three spatial dimensions and illustrate the general results with some examples of current interest, implementing a simple way to solve the problem with analytical solutions that engender internal structure.

Automated summary

This study examines an Abelian gauge field in the presence of an electric charge within a medium controlled by neutral scalar fields, which interact with the gauge field through a generalized dielectric function. The work introduces an interesting procedure based on energy minimization to solve the equations of motion, resulting in first order differential equations with minimum energy solutions. Two distinct models in two and three spatial dimensions are investigated, demonstrating general results with examples and analytical solutions that generate internal structure.