Progress in electrochemiluminescence of nanoclusters: how to improve the quantum yield of nanoclusters

Luminescent nanoclusters (NCs), with their easy preparation, ultrafine size, low toxicity, and excellent photostability have recently emerged as novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emitters. However, relatively low quantum yield (QY) in both aqueous and organic media has impeded their application in ECL emitter evolution. In this mini-review, we discuss the recent development of NCs in ECL with particular focus on their optical properties. We first classify the NCs according to composition and structure, and then summarize four aspects that affect QY, including environment effects, construction, valence state effects and aggregation-induced ECL. The ECL mechanisms based on NCs are elucidated as well. Finally, we briefly discuss the potential applications of NCs in tumor markers test, immunoassay and serum test. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the progress of NCs in ECL, which will motivate researchers to develop NC chemistry and explore their future applications in ECL.

Automated summary

Luminescent nanoclusters (NCs) are emerging as novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emitters due to their easy preparation, ultrafine size, low toxicity, and excellent photostability. This mini-review discusses the recent development of NCs in ECL, focusing on their optical properties, classification, factors affecting quantum yield (QY), and ECL mechanisms based on NCs, as well as potential applications in tumor markers test, immunoassay, and serum test. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of NCs' progress in ECL and encourage researchers to explore their future applications in ECL.