The contribution of gut bacterial metabolites in the human immune signaling pathway of non-communicable diseases

The interaction disorder between gut microbiota and its host has been documented in different non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative disease, and autoimmune disease. The majority of these altered interactions arise through metabolic cross-talk between gut microbiota and host immune system, inducing a low-grade chronic inflammation that characterizes all NCDs. In this review, we discuss the contribution of bacterial metabolites to immune signaling pathways involved in NCDs. We then review recent advances that aid to rationally design microbial therapeutics. A deeper understanding of these intersections between host and gut microbiota metabolism using metabolomics-based system biology platform promises to reveal the fundamental mechanisms that drive metabolic predispositions to disease and suggest new avenues to use microbial therapeutic opportunities for NCDs treatment and prevention.

Automated summary

This review discusses the impact of bacterial metabolites on immune signaling pathways in non-communicable diseases and reviews recent advancements in designing microbial therapeutics. Using a metabolomics-based system biology platform to understand the interactions between host and gut microbiota metabolism promises to reveal fundamental mechanisms underlying metabolic predispositions to disease and suggests new avenues for microbial therapeutic opportunities in the treatment and prevention of non-communicable diseases.