期刊
MED
卷 2, 期 3, 页码 313-+出版社
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2021.01.005
关键词
-
资金
- Grifols
- Departament de Salut of the Generalitat de Catalunya [SLD016, SLD015]
- Spanish Health Institute Carlos III [PI17/01518, PI18/01332]
- CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya [2017 SGR 252]
- National Agency for Research and Development of Chile (ANID) [72180406]
- Generalitat de Catalunya and Fons Social Europeu (FI)
- Fundacion Canaria Doctor Manuel Morales
- Universidad de La Laguna
The study found that individuals with mild or asymptomatic infections experienced an insignificant decrease in neutralizing activity, which persisted for 6 months after symptom onset or diagnosis. Hospitalized individuals exhibited higher neutralizing titers, which decreased rapidly at first but significantly slowed down after day 80, remaining higher than those with mild symptoms at 6 months. This slow decline in neutralizing activity contrasted with the constant decrease in anti-RBD, S2, or NP antibody titers over the follow-up period.
Background: Understanding mid-term kinetics of immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is the cornerstone for public health control of the pandemic and vaccine development. However, current evidence is rather based on limited measurements, losing sight of the temporal pattern of these changes. Methods: We conducted a longitudinal analysis on a prospective cohort of COVID-19 patients followed up for >6 months. Neutralizing activity was evaluated using HIV reporter pseudoviruses expressing SARS-CoV-2 S protein. IgG antibody titer was evaluated by ELISA against the S2 subunit, the receptor binding domain (RBD), and the nucleoprotein (NP). Statistical analyses were carried out using mixed-effects models. Findings: We found that individuals with mild or asymptomatic infection experienced an insignificant decay in neutralizing activity, which persisted 6 months after symptom onset or diagnosis. Hospitalized individuals showed higher neutralizing titers, which decreased following a 2-phase pattern, with an initial rapid decline that significantly slowed after day 80. Despite this initial decay, neutralizing activity at 6 months remained higher among hospitalized individuals compared to mild symptomatic. The slow decline in neutralizing activity at mid-term contrasted with the steep slope of anti-RBD, S2, or NP antibody titers, all of them showing a constant decline over the follow-up period. Conclusions: Our results reinforce the hypothesis that the quality of the neutralizing immune response against SARS-CoV-2 evolves over the post-convalescent stage.
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