Early Gestational Exposure to Inhaled Ozone Impairs Maternal Uterine Artery and Cardiac Function

Exposure to air pollutants such as ozone (O-3) is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including higher incidence of gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and peripartum cardiomyopathy; however, the underlying mechanisms of this association remain unclear. We hypothesized that O-3 exposures during early placental formation would lead to more adverse cardiovascular effects at term for exposed dams, as compared with late-term exposures. Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were exposed (4 h) to either filtered air (FA) or O-3 (0.3 or 1.0 ppm) at either gestational day (GD)10 or GD20, with longitudinal functional assessments and molecular endpoints conducted at term. Exposure at GD10 led to placental transcriptional changes at term that were consistent with markers in human preeclampsia, including reduced mmp10 and increased cd36, fzd1, and col1a1. O-3 exposure, at both early and late gestation, induced a significant increase in maternal circulating soluble FMS-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), a known driver of preeclampsia. Otherwise, exposure to 0.3ppm O-3 at GD10 led to several late-stage cardiovascular outcomes in dams that were not evident in GD20-exposed dams, including elevated uterine artery resistance index and reduced cardiac output and stroke volume. GD10 O-3 exposure proteomic profile in maternal hearts characterized by a reduction in proteins with essential roles in metabolismand mitochondrial function, whereas phosphoproteomic changes were consistent with pathways involved in cardiomyopathic responses. Thus, the developing placenta is an indirect target of inhaled O-3 and systemic maternal cardiovascular abnormalities may be induced by O-3 exposure at a specific window of gestation.

Automated summary

Exposure to ozone during early placental formation in pregnancy can lead to more adverse cardiovascular effects in rats at term, with changes consistent with markers of preeclampsia. Additionally, exposure to 0.3 ppm ozone at GD10 induced late-stage cardiovascular outcomes in dams that were not seen in GD20-exposed dams.