A new perspective on carbon nano-onion/nickel hydroxide/oxide composites: Physicochemical properties and application in hybrid electrochemical systems

Carbon nano-onion (CNO) and Ni(OH)(2) or NiO composites were prepared by chemical loading of Ni(OH)(2) on the carbon surface. The samples were characterized by transmission electron microscopic (TEM) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) methods, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and by differential-thermogravimetric analyses (TGA-DTG). The porosity properties were characterized by using nitrogen gas adsorption analyses. Pristine inorganic samples of NiO and Ni(OH)(2) revealed different morphologies and porous characteristics when compared to those of the CNO composites, which showed unique electrochemical properties. The electrochemical performance of the CNO/Ni(OH)(2) or CNO/NiO composites is largely affected by the mass, the morphology, the crystal phases of the inorganic component and the distribution of the Ni(OH)(2)/NiO phase. The CNO composites were used as materials for hybrid charge-storage devices.