期刊
FRONTIERS IN NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
卷 44, 期 -, 页码 83-102出版社
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2016.12.001
关键词
Brain plasticity; Chronic stress; Corticosterone; Cortisol; Depression; Dopamine; Exercise; Glucocorticoid receptor; Medial prefrontal cortex; Wheel running
资金
- Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology [23591667]
- Hokkaido University Clark Memorial Foundation
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [23591667, 16K10184] Funding Source: KAKEN
Exercise is known to have beneficial effects on cognition, mood, and the brain. However, exercise also activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and increases levels of the glucocorticoid cortisol (CORT). CORT, also known as the stress hormone, is considered a mediator between chronic stress and depression and to link various cognitive deficits. Here, we review the evidence that shows that while both chronic stress and exercise elevate basal CORT levels leading to increased secretion of CORT, the former is detrimental to cognition/memory, mood/stress coping, and brain plasticity, while the latter is beneficial. We propose three preliminary answers to the exercise-CORT paradox. Importantly, the elevated CORT, through glucocorticoid receptors, functions to elevate dopamine in the medial prefrontal cortex under chronic exercise but not chronic stress, and the medial prefrontal dopamine is essential for active coping. Future inquiries may provide further insights to promote our understanding of this paradox. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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