Comparison of SOFA Score, SIRS, qSOFA, and qSOFA

Objective: Sepsis has been defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction that develops as a result of impaired host response to infection. This study aimed to investigate sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), quick SOFA (qSOFA), and qSOFA + lactate criteria (qSOFA+L) in the diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was performed that included all patients diagnosed with sepsis between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2017 in Izmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Clinic. Results: A total of 976 patients diagnosed with sepsis (mean age 72.5 +/- 13.7 years, 52.7% women) over five years were included in this study. Of all patients admitted to the emergency department and diagnosed with sepsis, 37.4% (n=365) were hospitalized and 52.3% (n=191) of these patients died. Emergency department mortality was 12.5% (n=122). The mortality rate was higher in patients with qSOFA and qSOFA+L criteria >= 2 in the emergency department. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of SIRS, qSOFA, or qSOFA+L criteria among patients who died in the hospital. The SOFA score (area under receiver operator characteristic curve, AUC=0.89) was highly discriminative in predicting sepsis. When the SOFA score was>11, its sensitivity and negative predictive values were both 100%. The SOFA score (AUC=0.75 and 0.72, respectively) was also highly discriminative in predicting emergency and in-hospital mortality. When the SOFA score was>11, the sensitivity and specificity of predicting emergency department mortality were 63.5% and 78.8%, respectively. The sensitivity was 65.8% and the specificity was 75.5% when describing inhospital mortality for SOFA scores>9. Conclusion: The SOFA score was highly sensitive and predictive in the diagnosis of sepsis. The SOFA score had a high discriminative ability to predict emergency and in-hospital mortality.

Automated summary

This study analyzed data from 976 sepsis patients over five years and found that the SOFA score plays an important role in the diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis, with a high predictive sensitivity and negative predictive value when the SOFA score is >11. The qSOFA and qSOFA+L criteria can predict higher mortality rates in the emergency department and in hospital.